In 1889, the ‘Regulation on the Fire Engine Service and the extinguishing of fires in the municipality of Aalten’ was established by the municipal council. Article 1 of that regulation states: ‘Every male resident from the 18th up to and including the 59th year of age is, subject to the exceptions to be mentioned hereafter, called upon and liable for service with the fire engines’. The fire brigade therefore consisted entirely of volunteers, appointed and dismissed by the Board of Mayor and Aldermen.
On June 19, 1925, the first meeting of the newly appointed corps of Firemasters took place. Over time, the available equipment was modernized. For example, a motorized pump was purchased in 1930, followed by an ‘auto-tractor’ in 1933, which made it possible to transport this pump to the fire.
During the eighties and nineties of the last century, increasingly close cooperation developed between the fire brigades in the Achterhoek and the Cooperation Association of East Gelderland, known as the Achterhoek Region from 1995 onwards.
In 1987, the Bredevoort fire group, which until then had been part of the corps, was disbanded. A centralization of command structures in Doetinchem was established, so that the Aalten volunteer fire brigade lost its actual independence.
The fire brigade in the 19th century
In 1937, G.H. Rots described in a series of articles how things were done in Aalten in former times. Regarding the Fire Brigade, he wrote:
“The performance of the modern fire brigade, as was again evident during the large factory fire in Winterswijk, makes our thoughts return to the primitive fire-extinguishing methods of former days. A fire brigade did exist in the middle of the last century, and in their own way, they made serious attempts to fight a fire or prevent it from spreading, but they had to make do with the tools they had.
The first form of firefighting was to throw buckets of water onto the fire. From existing wells and pumps, the water was passed in buckets from hand to hand. When the well was empty, one had to wait until the supply was replenished. If the fire broke out near the stream, one could, of course, continue scooping. There were reserve wells where a quantity of water was always kept, and on the Market Square stood a row of large barrels filled with water on mobile chassis, which were immediately driven to the scene of the disaster by a designated driver.
The introduction of hand pumps brought some improvement. The water could now be sprayed at least ten meters high to keep roofs and houses wet. Later still, another improvement came with the addition of the so-called booster, a suction and pressure pump placed at the water supply, which forced the water through hoses to the pump engines. Behind the town hall were the buildings for storing these fire-extinguishing tools.
The firemasters (for an organized fire brigade had already existed for many years) had as a sign of their dignity a copper rod, a kind of scepter, or an oval copper plate, which adorned the chest of the firemaster in the event of a fire.
The many fires that plagued Aalten caused the city council to look for ways to prevent fire, for the new lamps fed with petroleum, which had to serve for lighting in the evenings on the threshing floor near hay and straw, were dangerous. An article was added to the police regulation, mandating that in the vicinity of hay or straw, on threshing floors and in stables, workshops, etc., where highly flammable material was present, lighting had to be done with closed lanterns. Whether it helped much? Fires continued to occur regularly thereafter, and each time one heard the dismal sound of the fire bell.”
Fire engines
The website ‘Brandweer Voertuigen Online’ contains an overview of fire vehicles that served with Dutch fire brigades, including Aalten and Bredevoort:
Willem Antoon (Wim) Mateman (Aalten, 07-05-1945 – Rijswijk, 08-06-2019) was a Dutch politician. On behalf of the CDA (Christian Democratic Appeal), he was a member of the House of Representatives of the States-General (Tweede Kamer) from 1979 to 1998. From 2003 to 2018, Mateman served as an alderman, municipal councillor, and head of the CDA parliamentary group in the municipality of Rijswijk.
Mateman trained as a teacher in civics and economics (MO-staatsinrichting and MO-staathuishoudkunde). He subsequently studied sociology at the Catholic University of Nijmegen. During his student years, he co-founded the Student Trade Union Movement (Studentenvakbeweging) in Nijmegen. Following his studies, Mateman became a teacher of economics, civics, and social studies at the Christian secondary school in Zutphen. From 1970 onwards, he was a member of the Provincial States of Gelderland and a member of the municipal council of Aalten on behalf of the Christian Historical Union (CHU). He also became an alderman in Aalten.
In the 1977 general election, Mateman stood as a candidate for the CDA but was not directly elected. Later that year, he was offered the opportunity to take a seat in the House, but he declined. Two years later, Mateman entered parliament after all via a mid-term vacancy. He was sworn in on 28 August 1979. In the House, his portfolio included trade policy, defence, and domestic governance.
Wim Mateman belonged to the conservative wing of the CDA. He was deeply disappointed when he had to leave the House because the new party leadership sought to refresh the parliamentary group. Consequently, Mateman did not stand for re-election in the 1998 general election.
In 2003, he became the Alderman for Finance and Land Affairs for the CDA in the South Holland municipality of Rijswijk. In May 2014, the CDA left the Rijswijk municipal executive, and he returned to the municipal council, where he became leader of the CDA parliamentary group. He retired from local politics in 2018.
Mateman was married and had two children. He was appointed a Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 1992 and a Knight in the Order of Orange-Nassau in 1998. In 1992, he was also named Pipe Smoker of the Year.
The Klepperklumpkes van ’t Walfort was a folkloristic dance group from Aalten. The group was founded on 10 May 1954 with the objective of preserving Gelderland’s regional folklore for future generations. Members of the group were dressed in authentic Gelderland (Achterhoek) traditional costume, as it was worn around 1900.
The dance repertoire consisted of approximately 35 traditional dances, mostly from the Achterhoek and Twente regions, which also date back to that era. The most well-known dances include the Driekesman, Pot met bonen (Pot of beans), and the Hôksebarger, performed, of course, in polished wooden clogs.
A Welcome Guest
The Klepperklumpkes was an active association. Over the past decades, they performed in various institutions, at street markets, and in many countries. They were a welcome guest at festivals in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, England, France, Austria, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland, among others. They even performed in China.
During their peak years, the Klepperklumpkes organised a large international festival in Aalten every four years, featuring many foreign guests. These guests were hosted by local families, providing many with a unique introduction to the international dancers and their respective folklore.
In their final years, the dance group rehearsed in the hall of café Setz.
After nearly 70 years, the Klepperklumpkes disbanded in 2022. In their final years, the number of activities had gradually declined; many members were getting older, physical stamina was decreasing, and there was a lack of new members joining.
The “Walfort” Sunday school association in Dale was founded in November 1934, according to its statutes. This date marks the first board meeting; however, the earliest recorded members’ meeting dates back to 28 November 1930.
According to a newspaper report from 1937, before this small building was established, Sunday school education was held at the Havezathe ’t Walfort estate.
Due to a lack of interest, Sunday school activities were ceased in 2000. The school building was sold in 2007. The association’s archive was donated to the Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers (Heritage Centre) in 2013.
There was also a Sunday School Dale West, located near the present-day Romienendal on the Aladnaweg.
Doeke Bekius (Gauw, 14 November 1922 – Haart, 8 June 2013) was a Dutch politician, representing successively the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) and the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).
Bekius was born and grew up in the Frisian village of Gauw, near Sneek. After completing his ULO (advanced elementary education), he joined the municipality of Wymbritseradeel at the age of sixteen, a rural municipality surrounding Sneek that comprised 28 villages. In 1946, he moved to the municipality of Zutphen. With the experience gained there, he accepted the position of Head of General Affairs at the municipality of Apeldoorn in 1951. In July 1961, he became Mayor of Westdongeradeel, which was followed in December 1966 by his appointment as Mayor of Kollumerland en Nieuwkruisland.
Mayor in the municipality of Aalten
In mid-1976, Bekius accepted the mayoralty of the municipality of Aalten, succeeding Mayor Faber. He considered the small town of Bredevoort to be a gift, an inspiring assignment. In 1988, he was appointed ‘honorary drossard’ (eredrost) there.
After his retirement, he continued to reside within the municipality of Aalten. He remained a member of both Bredevoorts Belang and Haarts Belang (local community interest groups). Furthermore, he dedicated himself to the Vereniging van Kleine Kernen (VKK – Association of Small Communities) Gelderland. At the end of 1987, he started there as an advisor to the board; he soon joined as a board member and subsequently served as its chairman for many years.
Bekius lived and passed away in the hamlet of Haart, in the municipality of Aalten. On 14 June, his funeral took place in his birthplace of Gauw.
He was succeeded as Mayor of Aalten by Tijme Bouwers.
Evert Sickens van Veen (Hijkersmilde, 04-10-1902 – Winterswijk, 03-05-1976) was a Dutch politician representing the CHU (Christian Historical Union).
He was born the son of Jan van Veen (1855–1917; a farmer) and Matje Prins (1867–1943). He attended the gymnasium but suffered from health problems and left the school prematurely to undergo a health cure in Switzerland. After subsequently working in the agricultural sector in France for a period, he returned to the Netherlands in 1926. He became an unpaid apprentice (volontair) at the municipality of Schoonebeek, and in mid-1930 he was appointed as an administrative officer at the town clerk’s office of the municipality of Stad Hardenberg. Two years later, he transferred to the municipality of Gramsbergen, where he rose to the position of chief administrative officer.
On 25 March 1931, Evert Sickens van Veen married Johanna Jacoba Strating in Oosterhout (North Brabant).
In late 1937, Van Veen was appointed Mayor of Nijeveen. In September 1943, he went on sick leave, at which point the Mayor of Meppel, Geert Wisman, also became acting Mayor of Nijeveen. Early in 1944, Van Veen was dismissed, but he later returned to his post as Mayor of Nijeveen. Furthermore, in late 1945, he served as acting Mayor of Ruinerwold for several months.
In 1946, Van Veen was appointed Mayor of Aalten, succeeding Mayor Monnik. Van Veen retired from his post there in November 1967 and passed away in 1976 at the age of 73. He is buried at Berkenhove Cemetery.
Adriaan Johannes Willem Monnik was born on 19 November 1879 in Vorden, the son of Adriaan Johannes Wilhelmus Monnik, a medical doctor, and Anna Hendrika Blotkamp. On 22 May 1913, he married Louise Wilhelmina de Waal Malefijt (born in Zeist, 17 August 1881) in The Hague. She was the daughter of Jan Hendrik de Waal Malefijt, Minister of the Colonies, and Frederica Sophia Wilhelmina Couvée.
Monnik was appointed Mayor of Aalten in 1910, succeeding Willem Carel Tack.
He served as Mayor of Aalten for no less than 35 years. The Monnik family lived in villa Zonneheuvel on Bredevoortsestraatweg in Aalten, on the site where the indoor swimming pool would later be built.
In 1944, Mayor Monnik received orders to ensure that 500 men from Aalten report to Zevenaar to be deployed in digging military defences. He and his municipal officials took the collective decision to refuse and go into hiding together. The civil register (bevolkingsregister) was moved to safety.
During his period in hiding, Monnik was replaced by I.A. de Moor, the former Mayor of Breskens who had fled from there along with many other NSB (Dutch Nazi Party) members. Following the liberation, Monnik returned to his post as mayor and retired on 1 November 1945.
In 1946, Monnik was appointed a Knight in the Order of Orange-Nassau.
On 2 August 1951, he passed away at the Bronovo Hospital in The Hague following an operation. He was buried at Berkenhove Cemetery.
On the occasion of Mayor Monnik’s 25th anniversary in office, De Graafschapbode published an interview with the jubilarian on 8 March 1935, reproduced below in a slightly abridged form:
When we are seated in the spacious mayoral office, our first question is naturally: “Could you tell us something about your very earliest years, school education, and so forth?” We learn that Adriaan Johannes Willem Monnik was born on 19 November 1879 in Vorden. His first two school years were spent at the Christian school in his birthplace. Then, a governess came to the house. One room was fitted out as a schoolroom, and here the young pupil, alongside just one fellow classmate, was prepared for the gymnasium.
Following this primary education, he attended the Christian gymnasium of the Reverend Van Lingen in Zetten for three years. His studies had to be interrupted at that point for health reasons and were later resumed at the H.B.S. (modern secondary school) in Zutphen. He then attended the lectures of Professor Hugo de Vries at the Municipal University of Amsterdam for a year.
Appointed Mayor of Aalten
“It was always my ambition,” Mr Monnik tells us, “to become a mayor one day, and when the vacancy in Aalten arose, I was appointed Mayor of Aalten on 23 February 1910.” Following his swearing-in on 2 March, Mr Monnik was installed as mayor here on 15 March 1910. The senior alderman (wethouder), Z.G. van Eerden, delivered the installation address. The mayor concluded his reply by stating, among other things: “I shall do what is a mayor’s duty.”
At that time, Mr B.H. Vaags was the town clerk (gemeente-secretaris), and the aldermen were Messrs Z.G. van Eerden and W. te Gussinklo. The council was composed as follows: F.H. Somsen, Th.A.M. Driessen, Sal. Gussinklo, L. Heusinkveld, H.A.J. Luiten (Sondern), J.P. Obbink, H.J. Veldhuis (Vels), Wander Nijhof, J.H. Veldkamp (Bredevoort), and A.P. Slicher van Bath.
Until his marriage, Mr Monnik lodged with the Misses Vaags on the Kattenberg.
Key decisions and events
The mayor believes he recalls that his first decision was the purchase of the old Heijmans house on the corner of Koelmansteeg, to widen the entrance to Koelmansteeg (now Stationsstraat). The old minutes books are fetched, and indeed, it is correct (our mayor’s memory is, in passing, exceptionally good): this corner house was purchased for 3,500 guilders, allowing for a proper entrance to Stationsstraat.
Then, on 27 April 1910, followed the opening of the tramway, the G.W.S.M. line B (Lichtenvoorde, Bredevoort, Aalten, Bocholt).
Right from the start in 1910, his passion for public health became apparent when several dwellings were declared unfit for human habitation. “I have never involved myself much in politics; I feel much more drawn to public health, housing, and the like,” the town’s father figure remarks in passing.
Later in 1910, we saw the construction of the Koembrug, the first concrete bridge in Aalten, as well as the public school renovation and the reorganisation of the police force (Mr Blom became chief rural constable at the time). The appointment of a foreman for the municipal labourers also dates from this period.
In 1911, the abolition of German currency was brought up, though it was not until July 1914 that this was implemented. Due to the large number of labourers who went to work in the factories in Bocholt at the time, all of whom were registered with a German health insurance fund (Krankenkasse), a complex insurance issue had arisen, which was also resolved now.
In March 1911, a weekly market for vegetables, chickens, eggs, and fish was introduced. The improvement of the drainage of De Goor also took a major step forward with the establishment of the Baaksche Beek Water Board. An old covenant had stipulated that the Veengoot ditch could not be deepened, making drainage of De Goor impossible. The creation of the Water Board allowed for a change. In 1911, Lankhofstraat and Ormelstraat were also laid out.
It would take us too far to deal with every year in such detail. We shall walk through the subsequent years at a slightly accelerated pace and mention them more as chronological milestones. In 1912, we find the retirement of rural constable Heersink.
On 22 May 1913, Mr Monnik married L.W. de Waal-Malefijt. His lodgings with the Misses Vaags were exchanged for villa Zonneheuvel.
On 21 February 1914, the council decided to build new schools in IJzerlo and on De Haart. On 13 March of the same year, the schoolmaster’s house in Aalten followed. In February, house construction on Haartseweg was also commenced.
On 1 August, we see the beginning of the Great War, which brought numerous hardships. Gradually, all foodstuffs and provisions became scarcer, leading us into the era of rationing. What an immense amount of work and trouble that entailed! During that period, we supplied 1,000,000 kilograms of rye, making us one of the largest rye-supplying municipalities in the country.
In September 1914, the ordinance on pub closing hours came into force, and the “blacklist” was introduced. On 31 October, the budget post for night watchmen was scrapped, and by 1 January 1915, the night watchman in Aalten belonged to the past.
In late 1917, the council expressed its approval in principle for taking over the gasworks. The decision to acquire it was taken on 19 December 1918. 1918. The council took over the gasworks for 115,000 guilders, plus 29,602.87 guilders for the pipes, gas meters, etc. The date of transfer was 2 May 1919.
Following the armistice, when the prisoners of war arrived at the border, it was rumoured that 30,000 of them would be coming here. Fortunately, they took another direction in Bocholt. Nevertheless, we received our share in November 1918, namely Frenchmen and Italians, who were housed in the Community Hall and in the factory of the N.V. Textiel Mij. textile company. The people were starved. “We experienced something rather peculiar with those Italians,” the mayor tells us. “We had given them all some of our excellent soap, of which we had a large stock at the time, so they could wash themselves properly, but by the following day, all the soap had been eaten by the Italians!”
On 26 February 1920, the Oosterman plot was purchased with the intention of creating the new cemetery there. This plan did not go ahead. Later, in 1922, another site was designated for this purpose: the present-day Berkenhove Cemetery.
In August 1920, a start was made on the official naming of streets. The first was Oranjestraat in Bredevoort. August also saw the tendering for Gendringseweg.
On 19 May 1922, the cattle market was moved to the inner market square. In recent years, however, the cattle market has been restored to its former glory. This year also saw the introduction of the meat inspection service, with Dr Rexwinkel appointed as inspecting veterinary surgeon. On 11 April, the slaughterhouse was taken over by the municipality.
Then we come to the most recent years, which are still fresh in all our memories. Various roads were paved during these years: Sondernweg and Haartseweg in 1929. A ring road was constructed on 24 August 1928, and now the Walfort open-air lido, a project of the very last few years.
The Aldermen over these 25 years
It is quite interesting to look back at which aldermen we have had during these 25 years. In 1910, as previously mentioned, they were Z.G. van Eerden and W. te Gussinklo. Following the death of Van Eerden, Mr Theod. Driessen became alderman in May 1916, stepping down again in 1918. We then had Mr F.H. Somsen for a brief spell. From 2 September 1919 to 4 September 1923, the aldermen were Messrs H.J.J.G. ten Dam and Joh. Obbink. Mr F.H. Somsen then took the place of Mr ten Dam (4 September 1923), and on 8 March 1926, Mr A. Brethouwer succeeded Mr Obbink. Messrs Somsen and Brethouwer remain in office as aldermen to this day.
As town clerk, Mr S. Bijlsma succeeded his predecessor, Mr B.H. Vaags, on 1 February 1930. On 29 January 1924, the municipal treasurer, Mr F.H. Freriks, retired. Mr F. Heisterman was then appointed as treasurer. At the Municipal Works department, following the passing of Mr J. Brill, Mr Tilbusscher became the municipal architect, assisted by Mr H. Rollman.
Other roles of the jubilarian
Alongside his own busy professional sphere, the mayor takes a particular interest in education. Mr Monnik serves as treasurer of the Union of School Boards, Teachers, and Supporters of Christian Education in the Gelderland Achterhoek and surrounding areas.
He is also a board member of the Groen van Prinsterer Teacher Training College in Doetinchem. Furthermore, he is a director of the N.V. Waterleiding Oostel. Gelderland water company and a member of the Supervisory Board of De Graafschap printing and publishing company.
Finally, we are curious to know the mayor’s view on the prospects of our municipality in the near future.
“These past 25 years,” Mr Monnik says, “have certainly not been easy. First the war years, and now the perhaps even more difficult post-war period with its severe decline in every field, its massive unemployment, with the unemployment relief schemes (werkverschaffing) and everything that entails. My wife has always been an immense support to me through all these difficulties.”
Regarding the relief schemes, we can add that on 24 November 1916, the Patrimonium association requested employment relief. The first project was gravel digging in 1918. On 30 May 1917, Aalten became one of the first municipalities to adopt unemployment insurance.
The mayor concludes: “We as a municipality are not in too bad a position. This is a very heavy year, certainly, but I foresee that things will gradually improve. We shall move forward with confidence, one eye looking upward, one eye looking inward. Hand to the plough, and the end will be good. We must seek not what divides us, but what binds us together!”
Aaltensche Courant, 27 May 1927Graafschapbode, 13 April 1934Graafschapbode, 25 June 1934Sumatra Post, 8 June 1935De Graafschapper, 24 May 1938De Graafschapper, 7 November 1938
Johan Hora Adema (Leeuwarden, 24 April 1843 – Velp, 15 March 1938) was a mayor in three different municipalities. In addition, he served as a captain in the Grenadiers and Rifles Regiment (Regiment Grenadiers en Jagers). In 1870, he married the Frisian Lucia Aurelia Bergsma Fruitier de Talma, with whom he had four children.
Festive arrival in Aalten
In 1886, Hora Adema was appointed town major of Aalten, succeeding Mayor L. Roelvink, LL.M. To mark his arrival, a festive welcome procession was organised. A competition was held for the most beautiful triumphal arch, and in many parts of the village, people worked hard to prepare a fitting welcome for the new mayor.
The day of his arrival was exceptionally warm and celebratory; almost everyone was out on the streets. The new town father was driven through Aalten in a carriage. At each triumphal arch, the carriage halted so he could read the inscriptions displayed on them. The triumphal arch in Dijkstraat was particularly outstanding. It read:
“Wees welkom J. Hora Adema, Voor U is deze boog geplant. Bestuur, beheer voor aller eer Dit dorp in ons vaderland.”
(Welcome J. Hora Adema, / For you this arch is raised. / Govern, manage to everyone’s honour / This village in our fatherland.)
The creators of this triumphal arch were awarded first prize. The new mayor took up residence in Landstraat.
Mayor in three municipalities
Hora Adema served successively as mayor of the municipalities of Aalten (1886–1888), Hengelo (1888–1891), and Harlingen (1896–1914).
Hendrik Hieltje Hans Haverkamp (Doetinchem, 1927-04-28 – Arnhem, 2011-06-19) was a Dutch politician of the CHU.
He was born the son of Johan Hendrik Wilhelm Haverkamp (1900-1953), an official at the municipality of Doetinchem and later mayor of Dinxperlo, and Louisa Petronella Ynzonides (Obergum, 1901-08-12), a minister’s daughter. He graduated in law and served as deputy chief of the cabinet of the Queen’s Commissioner in Overijssel before being appointed mayor of Staphorst in April 1963.
In January 1968, he succeeded Evert Sickens van Veen as mayor of Aalten. Only two and a half years later, in August 1970, he resigned as mayor to become the second secretary of the Rijnmond Council. Haverkamp passed away in 2011 at the age of 84.
Haverkamp was succeeded as mayor of Aalten by Ruurd Faber.
Jonkheer Georg Ludwig Carl Heinrich Baud was born on March 28, 1858, in Amersfoort, son of Jean Chretien Baud and Eveline Alexandrine van Ranzow.
By Royal Decree of February 2, 1888, Baud was appointed mayor of Aalten. He succeeded Johan Hora Adema. At his own request, no public tribute was paid during his installation as mayor, other than the flying of flags.
In 1892, he stood as a candidate for the Provincial Council on behalf of the Liberal Electoral Association. He was elected. On December 1, 1895, he requested an honorable discharge as mayor. He was succeeded as mayor of Aalten by Mr. Willem Carel Tack.
In 1898, he resigned as a member of the Provincial Council to prevent a split within his party.
On March 31, 1908, at the age of 50, he married Elisabeth Lamberta van Riemsdijk (Batavia, 1871-10-10) in The Hague, who was 14 years his junior. Baud passed away on April 4, 1921, in The Hague.
Willem Carel Tack was born on September 26, 1838, in Doesburg as the son of Benjamin Tack, member of the city council, and Françoise Caroline Madelon Baroness Van Eck. On June 5, 1873, he married Cornelia Johanna Paré (Bredevoort, August 2, 1848), the daughter of a minister, in Aalten. Together they had five children.
On March 4, 1880, Tack was appointed mayor of Kesteren by Royal Decree. Following an honorable discharge as mayor of that municipality, he assumed the mayoralty of Aalten effective December 15, 1895. He succeeded Jonkheer Georg Ludwig Carl Heinrich Baud.
Festive Reception in Aalten
On Monday afternoon, a large crowd awaited Tack and his family at Aalten station to welcome them. Carriages, riders, and a brass band then escorted the family to the official residence on Gasthuisstraat (currently Haartsestraat 10), which later earned the nickname ‘Tackshuis’. That evening, a torchlight procession passed through the village, which was decorated with flags and greenery, in honor of the new mayor. By Royal Decree of November 25, 1907, Tack was reappointed as mayor effective December 15, 1907.
Tack passed away on May 4, 1915, in Aalten at the age of 76 and was laid to rest in Doesburg on May 8.
Paul Hagemann (1882–1960) was a German-born artist and naturopath who settled in Aalten around 1926. He worked as a photographer, painter and sketch artist, documenting many of the farms around Aalten. In addition, he practiced amateur naturopathy.
Johannes Paul Hagemann, known as Paul, was born on 3 March 1882 in Münster (Germany). On 15 November 1923, he married Francina Gijsberta (Bep) van Arkel in Amsterdam.
The couple presumably settled in Aalten around 1926. In 1934, they were registered as residents of Bodendijk 19a in Aalten; in 1938, they lived at the address IJzerlo 13b, and by 1945, they were back in the village, at Dijkstraat 5.
Among other subjects, Hagemann captured many farms and houses in and around Aalten on canvas. Alongside his artistic pursuits, he was also involved in naturopathy. One of his health products consisted of a small box containing metal and some form of electricity.
Paul Hagemann passed away on 8 August 1960. He was buried at the Roman Catholic cemetery on Piet Heinstraat in Aalten.
Johannes Paul HagemannDe Graafschapper, 3 October 1930De Graafschapbode, 9 September 1938De Graafschapbode, 9 November 1938Aaltensche Courant, 23 October 1945
Piet te Lintum (1909–1985) was a versatile artist from the Achterhoek. He worked as a columnist, illustrator, sketch artist and painter, capturing a vast number of landscapes and village scenes of his native region. For this reason, he is often referred to as the “painting ambassador of the Achterhoek”.
Pieter (Piet) te Lintum was born on 13 January 1909 in Aalten, the son of Jan te Lintum, a grocer, and Johanna Christina Adolphina te Giffel. The family lived at Dijkstraat 4, the premises occupied by the Van den Dobbelsteen bakery until 2022. On 15 August 1942, he married Elisabeth Maria Schenk, with whom he had two children.
Talent
From an early age, Te Lintum demonstrated an exceptional talent for drawing. By the age of eleven, he was already producing accurate, lifelike portraits. He received his first lessons from an artist who had just graduated from art academy. He also spent a year taking correspondence courses from an institute in Paris.
At eighteen, he attended classes at the Kunstnijverheidsschool (School of Arts and Crafts) in Arnhem, where he was taught by Hendrik Valk and Gerard van Lerven. Following this, he studied for three years at the Rotterdam Art Academy under David Bautz and Herman Mees. His most influential master, however, was Professor Johannes Hendricus Jurres at the Rijksschool voor Kunstnijverheid (State School of Arts and Crafts) in Amsterdam.
Career
After finishing his education, Piet te Lintum built a multifaceted career as an illustrator for various publishing houses. Among other projects, he drew the illustrations for the adventures of Aornt Peppelenkamp, written by Frans Roes under the pseudonym Herman van Velzen. He also worked for the Misset publishing house in Doetinchem (including for the newspaper De Graafschapbode) and created comic-strip-style columns for the Tubantia daily newspaper. In addition, he designed commercial advertising work, postcards and painted murals.
Piet te Lintum is particularly renowned for his paintings of dilapidated buildings. He shunned the modern and rectilinear. For him, the rule was: the older and more decayed the building, the more beautiful the picture as a whole. In doing so, he was not merely interested in the romantic imagery of neglected houses and farms; through his works, he also sought to draw attention to local history.
Even back then, Te Lintum watched with sorrow as an increasing number of old, historic buildings were demolished to make way for the redevelopment of the Achterhoek landscape. It is for this very reason that Bernard Schlüter’s small cottage in Südlohn, Germany, and the Kuupershuusken in Bredevoort were rebuilt brick by brick—all for the sake of preserving the rich local history.
Legacy
On 1 May 1985, Piet te Lintum passed away in Winterswijk. His work lives on in the memory of many, not least thanks to the book Wat ik te zeggen heb… (What I have to say…) by Hans de Beukelaer, which pays tribute to his life and work. More than 500 of his pieces were tracked down for the publication. Although a large portion of his murals have not withstood the test of time, his paintings of farms, buildings and regional views remain lasting testaments to his love for the Achterhoek.
An article about Piet te Lintum was published in the March 2021 issue (Oer/39) of the cultural-historical magazine for the Achterhoek and Liemers. This magazine is still available from the ECAL (Heritage Centre Achterhoek and Liemers) in Doetinchem.
The late-medieval Merfelt Cellar belonged to a borgmanhuis (townhouse of a knight) where Adolf van Merfelt, a borgman of Bredevoort, resided in former times. The cellar of this townhouse is both rare and ancient. The method by which it was vaulted is highly unusual for a private dwelling: it features four cross vaults with a central supporting pillar.
In 2014, the Merfelt Cellar was nominated for the Aalten Municipality Heritage Prize. The reason for the nomination was the meticulous care and respect for historical character and the use of authentic materials during its restoration.
The restoration work on the cellar took place over several years. The highlight of the project was the repair of the vaulting, which ensured the long-term stability of the cross vaults.
Since the Late Middle Ages, the village of Aalten has possessed a remarkable network of narrow pathways known as ‘gängeskes’. In this agricultural esdorp (a type of village centered around communal open fields), houses and farmsteads stood scattered along a few main roads. In between lay the ‘gaorden’ – the vegetable gardens of the inhabitants.
The gängeskes originated as connecting paths between the village streets and these gardens. They are generally just wide enough for two people with wheelbarrows to pass each other.
These paths were used to supply houses with fresh produce. The winding pathways also allowed for quick visits from one neighbour to another, and children used them to walk to school. Similar gängeskes could be found in many villages throughout the Achterhoek. In the twentieth century, many gängeskes unfortunately disappeared, often being incorporated into the adjoining gardens. In Aalten, however, a large part of this unique network was preserved as important heritage.
In 2011, the paths were given official names. Some routes within the total 2.5-kilometre-long system retained their original names, while others were given a name that recalls the activities of yesteryear.
Intersection of Klokkenpad and Magispad, AaltenKlokkengat, Aalten
Walking Route
At the Aalten Tourist Information Office (VVV), you can book a walking route through the gängeskes, either with or without a guide. The Armenpad, Frerikspad, Klokkenpad, Kloosterpad, Langs de Gevangenis, Magispad, and other paths lead visitors past the most picturesque spots in Aalten and offer a glimpse into the village’s history. For children, there is the ‘Gängeskes Junior’ route.
The Kesenbult is a small hill at the end of the Kiefteweg, near the green border crossing between the Netherlands and Germany. Atop the hill stands a centuries-old boundary stone, crafted from Bentheim sandstone. The stone bears the coats of arms of Guelders and Münster, the year 1766, and the number 171. It has thus marked a formerly important border crossing for more than 250 years.
Trade route and border crossing
In the 18th century, the Kiefteweg – which used to be called Bodendijk – formed part of the trade route between the Duchy of Guelders and the Bishopric of Münster. Not only commercial travellers passed through here, but also royal couriers, or messengers (boden). The name Bodendijk refers to these couriers.
Cross Chapel
In addition to trade and transit, the Kesenbult also played a role in religious life. During the period of Calvinism (1675–1799), when Catholic worship was banned in the Dutch Republic, Catholics from Aalten and Bredevoort crossed the border here.
Some two hundred metres across the border stood the Cross Chapel (Kruiskapel), built in 1675 on the Reyerding estate by order of the Bishop of Münster, Bernhard van Galen (popularly known as Bommen Berend). The timber, octagonal chapel became the religious focal point for exiled Catholics.
According to tradition, worshippers travelled to the chapel in workwear and carrying their tools, so as not to be recognised as churchgoers.
Present-day significance
The Cross Chapel has since vanished, but the boundary stone on the Kesenbult remains. It serves as a reminder of centuries of trade, religion, and border traffic between Aalten and the Münsterland. As such, the Kesenbult still forms a tangible symbol of the shared history on both sides of the border.
Bouwhuis Wever was formerly also known as Klein Bouwhuis.
It is a well-preserved and restored 18th-century Saxon timber-framed farmhouse with a high roof covered in roof tiles, a wooden front gable, and windows with small panes and shutters. A section of the roof has been ‘lifted’ to create an additional room: the weaving workshop. It is situated on a side path (which has been named Heericks-es since 2012) off the Kloosterdijk, traditionally the route from Bredevoort to ’t Klooster. The house has been registered as a national monument (rijksmonument) since 1967.
Archives
Liberal Gift 1748
Owners
Overview is incomplete.
Year
Plot
Owner
Description
1832
B-268
Evert Meijnen, farmer in Borculo
450 m² house & yard
Residents
First known residents:
Jan Hend(e)rik Meijnen alias (Klein) Bouhuis (Aalten, 20-04-1704 – Barlo, 18-04-1785) married 23-03-1737 in Winterswijk Enneken / Anneke ten Hagen (Winterswijk, 30-08-1711 – Barlo, 01-02-1784)
Next residents, son and daughter in law:
Jan Bouhuis alias Meijnen (Aalten, 15-09-1748 – Barlo, 07-06-1827) married (1) 20-11-1785 in Aalten Hendrina van Eerden (Aalten, 15-09-1765 – Barlo, 15-08-1794)
Next residents, widower and 2nd wife:
Jan Bouhuis alias Meijnen (Aalten, ged. 15-09-1748 – Barlo, 07-06-1827) married (2) 28-02-1795 in Aalten Willemke Oonk (Aalten, ged. 03-12-1758 – Barlo, 04-04-1830)
Period 1823-1850
“Wever”
Barlo 69
Jan Bouhuis alias Meijnen (Aalten, bap. 15-09-1748 – Barlo, 07-06-1827), s/o Hendrik and Anneke Bouhuis, married 28-02-1795 in Aalten Willemke Oonk (Aalten, bap. 03-12-1758– Barlo, 04-04-1830)
Next residents, son and daughter in law:
Evert Meijnen (Aalten, 20-08-1801 – Barlo, 27-08-1855), married 06-05-1828 in Aalten Janna Geertruid Boddewijs (Winterswijk, 03-04-1808 – Barlo, 05-04-1886)
Jan Hendrik Meijnen (Barlo, 11-09-1836 – Aalten, 29-07-1901), married 26-06-1868 in Aalten Grada Theodora Oonk (Miste, 31-08-1844 – Aalten, 03-02-1922)
Children:
Evert Jan Meijnen (Barlo, 15-02-1869 – Winterswijk, 02-06-1941)
‘Neerhof’ is an ancient farmstead located in the rural district of Dale in Aalten. Many people who carry the surname Neerhof today—including descendants of emigrants in the US and Canada—can trace their roots back to this place. There is even a Facebook group they can join: I’m a Neerhof.
The last Neerhofs to live there left the farm in the second half of the 19th century. Since then, the farm has been occupied (primarily) by the Houwers family. The original farmhouse is gone; the current house was built in 1893.
During World War II, the Houwers family sheltered people in hiding. One of these, a French non-commissioned officer from the Pyrenees, sent them a letter after the war.
Fun fact: There is a street in Canada named ‘Neerhof Lane’.
Archives
Judicial Archive of Bredevoort
Tuesday, 6 February 1616: Statholder Joannes ter Woert, assessors Jan ten Berge, Henrick Menekinck, Peter Cloeck.
Margin note: Anno 1629, 19 January, Jenneken Neerhave declared this to be redeemed. Therefore, void.
Appeared Jan Filette and Enneken Huijsinck, spouses, who declared for themselves and their heirs that for a received and well-paid sum of money, they sold a yearly pension to Juerden ten Neerhave and Jenneken, spouses, and their heirs: three dalers (per daler calculated at thirty stuivers, per stuiver at fifteen placken). Payable annually on Candlemas, first due on Candlemas 1617. Pledging as security their estate Hoff ant Benninck Vehne, along with house and yard within Bredevoort, and all their movable and immovable goods, to recover the aforementioned yearly pension along with costs and damages by distraint according to land law. With the right reserved to redeem the pension annually by giving one quarter’s notice, and then on Candlemas (Purification of Mary), fourteen days before or after without delay, by paying the sum of fifty dalers of the aforementioned currency. This ceded and issued, and renounced by hand and word; guarantee, better written deed, and confirmation promised. All under penalty of distraint as prescribed, without exception or deceit.
Wednesday, 19 February 1617: Statholder Herman van Munster, assessors Johan Nachtegaell, Herman Steinrot, Peter Evertz.
Appeared Bernt Huijninck and Enneken Snijders, spouses, who declared for themselves and their heirs that for a well-paid sum of money, by right of perpetual and irrevocable inheritance, they have transferred and sold to Joerden ten Neerhave and Jenneken, spouses, and their heirs, a piece of land, of approximately three schepelsaet, on the Aelter Ess, situated with one side bordering land now belonging to the purchaser, Mechtelt Snijders, and with the other side bordering the common road, with one end bordering Peter Martens’ land, and the other end stretching to the Barlschen Heelwech, with its appurtenances and rights, free of all encumbrances. This inherited, ceded and issued, and renounced by hand, straw, and word; guarantee, better written deed, and hereditary confirmation promised according to land law, by hypothecation of their goods. Without exception or deceit.
Saturday, 10 January 1618: Drost and Judge Gosswin van Lawick, assessors Henrick Menekinck, Jan ten Berge.
Appeared Gerrit Gijsberts, gatekeeper in Bredevoort and Mechtelt Snijders, spouses, who declared for themselves and their heirs that for a well-paid sum of money, they transferred and sold by right of perpetual and irrevocable inheritance to Joerden ten Neerhave and Jenneken, spouses, and their heirs, a piece of arable land of approximately two moldersaet, called Snijders Stucke, on the Aelter Ess, bounded on one side by the Nonhaver Cruijss plot and on the other side by land belonging to the purchaser, with one end bordering Peter Marten’s land and the other end stretching to the Barlschen wech, with its appurtenances and rights, free of all encumbrances, reserving to the Hoff ten Ahave the tenth sheaf. This inherited, ceded and issued, and renounced by hand, straw, and word; guarantee, better written deed, and hereditary confirmation promised according to land law. Without exception or deceit.
Wednesday, 29 March 1620: Statholder Herman van Munster, assessors Herman Steinrotz, Lenardt van Elverfelt, Peter Evertss.
Appeared Peter Evertz and Margareta Mächtes, spouses, who declared for themselves and their heirs that for a well-paid sum of money, they transferred and sold by right of perpetual and irrevocable inheritance to Joerden ten Neerhave and Henricke ten Ruell Geesken, spouses, and their heirs, a piece of land previously purchased from the Marcke, with its ditches, embankments, and boundaries, situated in the parish of Aalten, district of Lintell, in the Aelter Hemell, with one end stretching to the Kortbeker Maet, with its appurtenances and rights, free of all encumbrances, reserving the lord’s taxes as may be assessed upon it. This inherited, ceded and issued, and renounced by hand, straw, and word; guarantee, better written deed, and hereditary confirmation promised according to land law, by pledging the sellers’ goods. Without exception or deceit.
Appeared Willem ten Brincke and Marrie, spouses, who declared for themselves and their heirs that for a well-paid sum of money, they transferred and sold by right of perpetual and irrevocable inheritance to Joerden ten Neerhave and Jenneken, spouses, and their heirs, a piece of land of approximately one Moldergeseijs on the Aelter Esch, bounded on one side by Ebbert Wever’s land and on the other side by Geerdte Lock’s land, in its borders and boundaries, with one end stretching to the Heelwech and the other end to Hoeneper Landt, with all its old and new appurtenances and rights, free of all encumbrances. This ceded and issued, and renounced by hand, straw, and word; guarantee, better written deed, and hereditary confirmation promised according to land law, under hypothecation of the sellers’ goods. Without objection or deceit.
5 Mtr. gesaeis, Jorden Neerhof, hier gaet af 1½ sch. an Kerck, blijft 4 mdr. 2½ sch. 38 – 10 – 8. An de Kerck te Aelten 2 dlr. 3 – 0 -. Een stuck groen lants in Lintel gelegen van 3 voeder hoij gewass of 2 koeweidens 9 – 0 -.
Liberal Gift 1748
Below is a fragment from this tax register mentioning Hendrik Neerhof and Janna Eppink, as well as their son Rosier Neerhof and his wife Beerndeken Beestman. They declared under oath that their assets amounted to 1800 and 700 guilders respectively and paid their taxes duly.
Immediately below it is noted that the couple Hindrik ter Beek and Lisebeth op den Heuvel lived ‘in Neerhofs Spikker’ (or ‘Spieker’). They possessed less than 500 guilders but evidently paid a voluntary contribution.
J(oe/o/ue)rden was a farmer at Neerhof in 1650 (Land Tax Register, original register).
Child:
Salike Nerhofs (Dale), married Wendel Brunsinck in Dinxperlo in 1664
Next residents:
Hendrik Neerhof (? – < 04-1697) ⚭ ca. 1654 Deve (Eva) te Gantvoort (? – > 03-1697), this was her second marriage
On 29 March 1697, Deven Neerhoff, widow of Hendrick Neerhoff, appeared before the statholder in Bredevoort with all her children “born of her first and second marriage”. The children, therefore, evidently came from two of the mother’s marriages. Who the first husband was, we do not know.
As far as is known, Deve was the only child of Thoebe te Hondorp, called Gantvoort, and Lotte te Welpshof. Deve was an heir to the Gantvoort farmstead, and thus her children were as well. The document describes how Deve and seven of her children sold their inheritance share in the Gantvoort estate to the eighth child and (half-)sister, Hendersken, and her husband, Wander Nijhof.
(Step)children:
Hendersken Neerhof (c. 1655), ⚭ (1) 1679 Aalten Lubbert Luiten, (2) 1682 Warner Nijhof at Nijhof in Barlo
Jenneken / Jannetie Neerhof (Bredevoort, bap. Jan. 1658 – < 1700), ⚭ 1693 Aalten Antonij ten Hietbrink, they left for Amsterdam
Geertjen Neerhof (c. 1662), ⚭ 1684 Aalten Hendrik ter Sligt at Gantvoort in Barlo
Derck Neerhof (Bredevoort, bap. May 1665), ⚭ 1694 Aalten Wendele in ’t Heegt
Geert Neerhof (Aalten, bap. 04-10-1668), ⚭ 1702 Aalten Geesken Hoopmans, they left for Varsseveld
Thobe Neerhof alias Tolkamp (Dale – Barlo, 1720/1721), ⚭ 1694 Aalten Geesken Nieuwhof at Tolkamp in Barlo
Hendrik Neerhof alias Hondorp alias Lijsen, ⚭ 1690 Aalten Grietjen Lijsen at Liezen in Dale
Antonij / Tonis Neerhof alias Vrieseler (Aalten, bap. 02-04-1671 – < 1760), ⚭ 1705 Bocholt Schwantgen Frieselaer (Swenneken Vrieseler), they lived at the Haesencamp in Silvolde from 1707 onwards (source)
Next residents, son and daughter-in-law:
Derck Neerhof (Bredevoort, bap. mei 1665) ⚭ 18-11-1694 Aalten Wendele aan ’t Heeght (Aalten, bap. 02-12-1666)
Children:
Hendrik Neerhof (1695 – 1763), ⚭ 1717 Janna Eppink
Dersken Neerhof (1697 – 1719)
Janna Neerhof (1700 – ?)
Eva Neerhof (1697 – 1719)
Jan Neerhof (Buunk) (1700 – 1787), ⚭ 1724 Berentje Buunk at Beunk in Lintelo
Dela Johanna Neerhofemployed (Dale, 06-02-1843), daughter of Willem Neerhof and Engelina Heusinkveld at Krieger. So she is a cousin of the four aforementioned brothers *
* * They left (presumably in the spring of 1868) for Haart 19 (Lievers) and, in 1869, for America. At the same time, the newlywed Houwers couple moved from Lievers to Neerhof.
Next residents:
Arent Jan Houwers (Dale, 28-04-1824 – Dale, 28-10-1880), farmer ⚭ 02-04-1868, Aalten Grada Aleida Ormel (De Heurne, 13-10-1843 – Dale, 12-04-1875)
Following their father’s death, the three orphans were taken in by relatives on other farms (as noted below). ‘Bouwplaats Het Neerhof’ was to be let out for the time being:
The following residents came from Wisch in early 1881:
In the rural district of Dale, there was once the manorial estate known as Neerhof. Here is a piece of history about ‘t Neerhof that we found in a booklet:
“When the Saxons were subjugated by the Franks and Charlemagne became the landowner, he established Frankish landholdings where the ‘schout’ or ‘scholte’—the lord’s representative—would reside. They were responsible for collecting taxes, and the Saxon farmers became subservient to the lord’s ‘hof’ (court/estate).
In every district of Aalten, we find an old, distinguished estate, all of which strongly suggest that they share the aforementioned origin. In the past, all these farmsteads were surrounded by a moat. Each farmstead is situated on the edge of an ‘es’ (es-land) in such a way that the latter extends around it, virtually in the shape of a half-moon, so that the ‘Hof’ forms the centre. This indicates that the large-scale cultivation of the essen must have originated from the ‘Hof’ and was continued progressively further outwards.
The Aaltense Es is, in fact, the es of the district of Dale (= low-lying area). It lies within a semi-circle with a radius of approximately two kilometres around the Havezathe (manor house) De Pol, with the latter as its centre point.
A remarkable circumstance now arises in that we still find two adjacent estates in Dale called ‘Nonhof’ and ‘Neerhof’. Both farmsteads lie quite a distance from the Ahof ‘De Pol’, but this is clear if we take into account the location and extent of Dale; these farmsteads could easily occupy their positions in the lower-lying west of Dale. It is said that brothers and sisters of an order may also have lived here.
In the past, the Neerhof and Nonhof estates belonged to the St. Antonie vicarage, which was established in the Aalten Church. Later, they became domains of the sovereign.
According to some, the name is derived from ‘d’n Heerhof’, which merged into ‘de Neerhof’.
At the beginning of the 17th century, we also encounter the spelling ‘Neerhave’.
Bredevoort Judicial Archives, voluntary deeds, 29 March 1697In 1748, five soldiers were billeted at Neerhof.Excerpt from the land registry entry, 1876Graafschapbode, 4 December 1880Nieuwe Vlaardingsche Courant, 25 August 1888Graafschapbode, 31 August 1889Excerpt from the land registry entry, 1960
Leonard Roelvink was born on 30 April 1833, the son of Arnoldus Florentinus Roelvink, Mayor of Aalten, and Elzabé Maria Theodora ten Cate. On 14 November 1870, he married Christina Paschen in Winterswijk, where she had been born on 27 March 1848.
In 1857, Roelvink published his legal dissertation under the title Theses juridicae inaugurales with the publishing house Post Uiterweer in Utrecht. Four years later, in 1861, he succeeded his father as Mayor of the municipality of Aalten.
Roelvink lived in the villa at ’t Zand in Bredevoort, which is known today as Sint Bernardus. Every day, he travelled to Aalten by carriage, just as his father had done before him. He was fiercely opposed to the arrival of the railway line to Aalten, fearing that his horses would be startled by the “steaming train monster”.
Leonard Roelvink passed away from a stroke on 3 March 1886. The municipal council was just about to meet and was waiting for the arrival of its chairman when a doctor came to break the sad news of his passing. He was buried at the old cemetery on Prins Mauritsstraat in Bredevoort.
Following his death, six prominent residents of Aalten addressed a letter to the Minister of the Interior. They took the opportunity to express their concerns regarding what they considered to be administrative malpractice within the municipality, which they attributed to the policies—or lack thereof—of the deceased mayor. In their letter, they explicitly stated that they did not wish to influence the appointment of a new mayor, but at the same time indicated that, in their view, “the dismal state of affairs” in Aalten was partly due to the fact that the office had passed from father to son. Among other things, they complained of deficient education, poor roads, excessive alcohol consumption, and unlawful child labour. The six men pleaded for the appointment of a strong successor who could restore order. Their grievances were taken seriously by both the Minister and the King’s Commissioner.
Gerhardus Franciscus (Gerard) Tebroke was born on 9 November 1949 in Aalten, the second child in a family of four sons and one daughter. His parents, Hendrik Bernard Tebroke (1912–1987) and Grada Johanna Bijvank (born 1916), both came from Eibergen, where they had married in 1944. Gerard passed away unmarried on 19 March 1995.
As a child, Gerard Tebroke from Aalten was so stiff that he was exempted from gymnastics classes in primary school. Nevertheless, he became one of the best Dutch athletes ever in the 5,000-metre and 10,000-metre events.
Tebroke achieved many successes, but because he often pushed his body too hard during training, he was frequently injured and missed important sporting events, such as the Olympic Games in 1972 and 1976. However, his speed for that era was unprecedented. He held the Dutch record in the 10,000 metres for over 18 years and in the 5,000 metres for more than 22 years.
In 1982, he decided to bid farewell to the sport. He retreated to a small farm in Silvolde with his dog and sheep, leading a reclusive life. Gerard Tebroke passed away in 1995 at the age of 45. Since then, the biennial Gerard Tebroke Memorialloop (a memorial run) has been held in Aalten as a tribute to him.
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